How does Identity Theory contribute to the Continuance Use of E-learning: The mediating role of Inertia and moderating role of computer Self-efficacy.

Despite e-learning's rapid growth and significant benefits, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, retaining students in this educational environment is a critical challenge in the post-corona era. Therefore, our research was conducted to explore how we can promote the continuance use of e-learning (CUEL) platforms. More specifically, this study examines how identity, inertia, and computer self-efficacy affect CUEL. Data were collected from 384 users and provided support for the model. The results indicated that social identity, relational identity, and inertia are critical determinants of CUEL. Furthermore, inertia mediates the relation between social identity and CUEL. In addition, we found that computer self-efficacy moderates the relation of inertia and relational identity with CUEL, but its moderating effect on the influence of social identity and CUEL is not supported. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.

The vulnerability of technology-based business during COVID-19: an indicator-based conceptual framework

PurposeCOVID-19 has affected most business activities, including technology-based business. The higher the business vulnerability rating, the greater the impacts. After identifying three dimensions of vulnerability (exposure, business sensitivity and response capacity), this study aims to determine the potential components and indicators of the vulnerability of technology-based businesses.Design/methodology/approachUsing the indicator approach, a comprehensive vulnerability model was developed for assessing the vulnerability of the technology-based business against COVID-19.FindingsIn this study, COVID-19, as a biological threat and an exogenous shock, was considered the exposure dimension. Business characteristics, job characteristics, business owner-manager demographics, product and supplier characteristics were identified as the sensitivity dimension, while resources, human capital, technological capitals, social capitals, institutional capitals, infrastructures, management capacity and supply chain capabilities were defined as the adaptive business capability or response capacity. To determine vulnerability and response capacity against exogenous shocks and a pandemic crisis, the framework can act as a useful checklist for managers and owners of technology-based businesses.Originality/valueResearch on the COVID-19, especially in the technology-based business, is still at the emergent stage. This study is a pioneering effort to review the literature on business vulnerability and provide a framework to reduce business vulnerability using the indicator-based approach.

The role of students' relational identity and autotelic experience for their innovative and continuous use of e-learning.

Over the last decades, using e-learning systems as an alternative format of education for traditional classroom has been growing in higher education and due to COVID-19 pandemic, this transition has been unprecedently accelerated. Although there is a large body of research on e-learning, little is known about the extent to which innovative and continuous use of e-learning systems can be influenced by students' social and motivational factors especially their relational identity and autotelic experience. This study collected data from 400 higher education students through a survey to explore the role of students' relational identity and autotelic experiences regarding their innovative and continuous use of e-learning systems while considering the mediating role of students' perception of relatedness. Collected data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method. The results showed that students' relational identity and autotelic experience significantly influence the innovative and continuous use of e-learning. The results showed that relational identity and autotelic experience positivly associatewith innovative (ß = 0.190, t = 3.544; ß = 0.405, t = 7.973) and continuous use of e-learning (ß = 0.188, t = 3.115; ß = 0.344, t = 7.459) and relatedness plays a moderating role between relational identity and continuous use (ß = 0.194, t = 4.500, p = 0.000). Relatedness weakens the relationship between relational identity and innovative use of e-learning. However, it reinforces the relationship between relational identity and the continuous use of e-learning. It was found that relatedness strengthens the relationship between autotelic experience with innovative and continuous use of e-learning. The results of this study provide evidence of how students' social and motivational factors can influence their approaches to the innovative and continuous use of e-learning systems. We discuss these results and provide agenda for future practical and professional work.

Innovation intelligence and its role in environmental uncertainty management: a conceptual framework: Very Informal Newsletter on Library Automation

Purpose>Organizations need actionable knowledge to cope with environmental uncertainty, make effective decisions and develop innovation strategies. Since innovation evolves through generations, the present study aims to unravel and define innovation intelligence, considering this transformation, and discuss how environmental uncertainty is resolved in each one.Design/methodology/approach>This article is a conceptual paper that employs a typology and model approach in its research designFindings>Contexts are categorized into ordered and unordered (according to the Cynefin framework), in which intelligence with prediction and control approaches are applied for uncertainty management, respectively. Also, the three generations of innovation management, namely, technology push, market pull and a combination of these two (hybrid), intelligence benefit from a prediction approach, and in the networked (collaborative) generation, intelligence takes advantage of a control approach.Research limitations/implications>The conceptual approach adopted in this research is limited to, and focused on, understanding intelligence, innovation intelligence and presenting preliminary insights into their relationship with uncertainty management.Practical implications>This research guides decision-makers to adopt the appropriate intelligence approach to manage uncertainty during their innovation management process and illustrate it by the industry uncertainty matrix and COVID-19 pandemic situation.Originality/value>This study proposes a typology of intelligence based on different knowledge pyramids. Also, it introduces innovation intelligence and its relation to knowledge management and environmental uncertainty management that has not yet been clearly addressed in the literature. Moreover, it determines the uncertainty management approaches for each variant of innovation intelligence.

Vulnerability Reduction of Technology-Based Business Research in the Last Four Decades: A Bibliometric Analysis

Natural and man-made disasters have increased the attention of practitioners and researchers to vulnerability. Identifying business vulnerability is one of the basic elements of strategic analysis and public policy. The purpose of this paper is to explore evolutionary pathways to reduce the vulnerability of technology-based businesses. The intellectual structure of this subject was examined using both bibliometric co-occurrence and co-citation analyses. We focused on 629 articles published between 1981 and 2021. This article identifies four specific areas, namely business performance, small business vulnerability, sources of sustainability in business, and adaptation policy assessment. A novel framework was developed based on the most prominent papers identified in co-citation as well as the highly cited papers. The proposed model includes drivers, vulnerability appearance, and vulnerability reduction. This study examines the basis of research concepts, themes, and communities in reducing the vulnerability of technology-based businesses. This article identifies business vulnerability as one of the relevant areas to disaster economics and sustainability studies.

SARS-CoV-2-associated gut microbiome alteration; A new contributor to colorectal cancer pathogenesis.

The emergence of a novel coronavirus, COVID-19, in December 2019 led to a global pandemic with more than 170 million confirmed infections and more than 6 million deaths (by July 2022). Studies have shown that infection with SARS-CoV-2 in cancer patients has a higher mortality rate than in people without cancer. Here, we have reviewed the evidence showing that gut microbiota plays an important role in health and is linked to colorectal cancer development. Studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to a change in gut microbiota, which modify intestinal inflammation and barrier permeability and affects tumor-suppressor or oncogene genes, proposing SARS-CoV-2 as a potential contributor to CRC pathogenesis.

The role of students’ relational identity and autotelic experience for their innovative and continuous use of e-learning

Over the last decades, using e-learning systems as an alternative format of education for traditional classroom has been growing in higher education and due to COVID-19 pandemic, this transition has been unprecedently accelerated. Although there is a large body of research on e-learning, little is known about the extent to which innovative and continuous use of e-learning systems can be influenced by students’ social and motivational factors especially their relational identity and autotelic experience. This study collected data from 400 higher education students through a survey to explore the role of students’ relational identity and autotelic experiences regarding their innovative and continuous use of e-learning systems while considering the mediating role of students’ perception of relatedness. Collected data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method. The results showed that students' relational identity and autotelic experience significantly influence the innovative and continuous use of e-learning. The results showed that relational identity and autotelic experience positivly associatewith innovative (β = 0.190, t = 3.544;β = 0.405, t = 7.973) and continuous use of e-learning (β = 0.188, t = 3.115;β = 0.344, t = 7.459) and relatedness plays a moderating role between relational identity and continuous use (β = 0.194, t = 4.500, p = 0.000). Relatedness weakens the relationship between relational identity and innovative use of e-learning. However, it reinforces the relationship between relational identity and the continuous use of e-learning. It was found that relatedness strengthens the relationship between autotelic experience with innovative and continuous use of e-learning. The results of this study provide evidence of how students’ social and motivational factors can influence their approaches to the innovative and continuous use of e-learning systems. We discuss these results and provide agenda for future practical and professional work.

A comprehensive review about immune responses and exhaustion during coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a viral infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The infection was reported in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019 and has become a major global concern due to severe respiratory infections and high transmission rates. Evidence suggests that the strong interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and patients' immune systems leads to various clinical symptoms of COVID-19. Although the adaptive immune responses are essential for eliminating SARS-CoV-2, the innate immune system may, in some cases, cause the infection to progress. The cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in adaptive immune responses demonstrated functional exhaustion through upregulation of exhaustion markers. In this regard, humoral immune responses play an essential role in combat SARS-CoV-2 because SARS-CoV-2 restricts antigen presentation through downregulation of MHC class I and II molecules that lead to the inhibition of T cell-mediated immune response responses. This review summarizes the exact pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and the alteration of the immune response during SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, we've explained the exhaustion of the immune system during SARS-CoV-2 and the potential immunomodulation approach to overcome this phenomenon. Video Abstract.

How Do Collective Efficiency and Norms Influence the Social Resilience of Iranian Villagers Against the COVID-19? The Mediating Role of Social Leadership.

The main purpose of the present research was to investigate the effects of collective efficacy and norms on the social resilience against the COVID-19 with the mediating role of social leadership. To this end, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in the Kerman and Fars provinces of Iran. Finally, 206 villagers were selected as the sample for collecting the required information. The research tool was a close-ended questionnaire whose validity and reliability was evaluated and confirmed. The results of testing direct hypotheses using structural equation modeling revealed that collective efficacy, social leadership, and norms had significant positive effects on social resilience against the COVID-19 pandemic. Comparison of the standardized effects demonstrated that collective efficacy is the most powerful predictor of the social resilience of villagers. Furthermore, testing indirect (mediation) hypotheses revealed that social leadership can successfully mediate the effect of collective efficacy on social resilience against the COVID-19. Investigating the moderated indirect hypotheses showed that governmental supports moderated the effect of collective efficacy on social resilience. Taken together, the independent variables could account for 62% of social resilience variance change. In the end, the practitioners, decision-makers, and interveners of the COVID-19 management programs in rural communities were provided with some applicable recommendations to be able to foster social resilience against the COVID-19.

Innate and adaptive immune responses against coronavirus.

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a member of the Coronaviridae family with positive-sense single- stranded RNA. In recent years, the CoVs have become a global problem to public health. The immune responses (innate and adaptive immunity) are essential for elimination and clearance of CoVs infections, however, uncontrolled immune responses can result in aggravating acute lung injury and significant immunopathology. Gaining profound understanding about the interaction between CoVs and the innate and adaptive immune systems could be a critical step in the field of treatment. In this review, we present an update on the host innate and adaptive immune responses against SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and newly appeared SARS-CoV-2.